“Crimea can be called a large museum of tamgas,” wrote Osman Akchokrakly in his book “Tatar Tamgas in Crimea,” published in 1926. A year before the book was published, Akchokrakly, together with Asan Refatov, Usein Bodaninsky and several students, went on a scientific and ethnographic expedition to the peninsula, where they collected about 400 tamgas – mysterious symbols common to many Turkic peoples. What can Crimean Tatar tamgas tell us? Where were they used? Let’s see what Akchokrakly wrote about this.